id,value,measures,sample,method,source_org,source_title,year,url,tier,self_reported_or_independent,stale_flag
R01,3.6% tightened; 5.5% eased; 90.9% unchanged (net -1.9),"Banks changing max size of credit lines to small firms, Q2 2026",55 banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, July 2026, Table 1",2026,https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/sloos/sloos-202607-table-1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,
R02,5.5% tightened; 1.8% eased,"Banks changing loan covenants for small firms, Q2 2026",55 banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, July 2026, Table 1",2026,https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/sloos/sloos-202607-table-1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,
R03,Easing of small-firm terms driven mainly by more aggressive competition from banks or nonbanks,"Reasons cited for easing small-firm terms, Q2 2026",Survey respondents,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, July 2026 summary",2026,https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/sloos/sloos-202607.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,
R04,8.2% tightened; 8.2% eased (net 0),"Max size of credit lines to small firms, Q1 2026",61 banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, April 2026, Table 1",2026,https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/sloos/sloos-202604-table-1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,
R05,"9.8% tightened covenants, 3.3% eased; 8.2% tightened overall standards","Covenants and standards for small firms, Q1 2026",61 banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, April 2026, Table 1",2026,https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/sloos/sloos-202604-table-1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,
R06,35.6% tightened; 0% eased,"Max size of credit lines to small firms, Q2 2023 (post-SVB)",59 banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, July 2023, Table 1",2023,https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/sloos/sloos-202307-table-1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R07,31.6% tightened covenants; 49.2% tightened overall standards,"Covenants and standards for small firms, Q2 2023",57 to 59 banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, July 2023, Table 1",2023,https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/sloos/sloos-202307-table-1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R08,41.4% tightened (10.0% considerably); 0% eased,"Max size of credit lines to small firms, Q2 2020 (COVID)",70 banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, July 2020, Table 1",2020,https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/sloos/sloos-202007-table-1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R09,54.3% tightened covenants; 1.4% eased,"Loan covenants for small firms, Q2 2020",70 banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, July 2020, Table 1",2020,https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/sloos/sloos-202007-table-1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R10,0% tightened; 5.9% eased (net -5.9),"Max size of credit lines to small firms, Q2 2019 (calm baseline)",Domestic banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, July 2019, Table 1",2019,https://www.federalreserve.gov/data/sloos/sloos-201907-table-1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R11,60.0% tightened (10.9% considerably); 0% eased,"Max size of credit lines to small firms, Q3 2008",Domestic banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, October 2008, Table 1",2008,https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/snloansurvey/200811/table1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R12,69.1% tightened covenants; 74.6% tightened overall standards,"Covenants and standards for small firms, Q3 2008",Domestic banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, October 2008, Table 1",2008,https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/snloansurvey/200811/table1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R13,42.3% tightened max line size; 59.6% tightened covenants; 0% eased,"Small-firm credit line terms, Q4 2008",52 banks,Domestic bank survey; small firms = annual sales under $50M,Federal Reserve Board,"Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices, January 2009, Table 1",2009,https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/snloansurvey/200902/table1.htm,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R14,"Median usage 40.7% (40.3% prior quarter); fixed-rate lines 52.9%, variable 39.4%","Median small business credit line utilization at banks, Q1 2026",144 banks; $72B small business loans,Quarterly bank survey,Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City,"Small Business Lending Survey, Q1 2026 (released 2026-06-25)",2026,https://www.kansascityfed.org/surveys/small-business-lending-survey/small-business-lending-q1-2026/,1,INDEPENDENT,
R15,Variable-rate lines about 91% of credit line usage; about 5% net of banks reported higher usage,"Credit line mix and usage change, Q1 2026",144 banks,Quarterly bank survey,Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City,"Small Business Lending Survey, Q1 2026",2026,https://www.kansascityfed.org/surveys/small-business-lending-survey/small-business-lending-q1-2026/,1,INDEPENDENT,
R16,About 10% net tightened small business credit standards,"Standards change, Q1 2026",144 banks,Quarterly bank survey,Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City,"Small Business Lending Survey, Q1 2026",2026,https://www.kansascityfed.org/surveys/small-business-lending-survey/small-business-lending-q1-2026/,1,INDEPENDENT,
R17,Three-quarters of credit lines have maturity of 1 year or less at origination; more than one-quarter of loans are demand loans callable immediately,"Credit line maturity, firms under $50M assets",FR Y-14Q loan-level data,"Supervisory loan-level data, large US banks",Federal Reserve Bank of New York / NBER,"Chodorow-Reich, Darmouni, Luck, Plosser: Bank Liquidity Provision Across the Firm Size Distribution (NY Fed Staff Report 942; JFE 2022)",2020,https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr942.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R18,More than 80% of lines to the smallest firms at end-2019 were callable or matured in 2020 (vs 15% of largest firms' lines with under 1 year left),Share of small-firm lines up for renewal or callable within a year,FR Y-14Q,Supervisory loan-level data,Federal Reserve Bank of New York / NBER,"Chodorow-Reich, Darmouni, Luck, Plosser: Bank Liquidity Provision Across the Firm Size Distribution (NY Fed Staff Report 942; JFE 2022)",2020,https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr942.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R19,Less than 5% of credit lines to small firms unsecured; modal line secured by receivables and inventory (up to 70% unsecured for largest firms),Collateral on small-firm lines,FR Y-14Q,Supervisory loan-level data,Federal Reserve Bank of New York / NBER,"Chodorow-Reich, Darmouni, Luck, Plosser: Bank Liquidity Provision Across the Firm Size Distribution (NY Fed Staff Report 942; JFE 2022)",2020,https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr942.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R20,Nearly one-fifth of small SMEs above 90% utilization; one-third above 70% (vs 7% of largest firms above 70%),"Credit line utilization distribution, end-2019",FR Y-14Q,Supervisory loan-level data,Federal Reserve Bank of New York / NBER,"Chodorow-Reich, Darmouni, Luck, Plosser: Bank Liquidity Provision Across the Firm Size Distribution (NY Fed Staff Report 942; JFE 2022)",2019,https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr942.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R21,Small firms had no net drawdown of credit lines in early 2020 while large firms drew heavily,COVID-19 credit line drawdowns by firm size,FR Y-14Q,Supervisory loan-level data,Federal Reserve Bank of New York / NBER,"Chodorow-Reich, Darmouni, Luck, Plosser: Bank Liquidity Provision Across the Firm Size Distribution (NY Fed Staff Report 942; JFE 2022)",2020,https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr942.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R22,Credit on covenant-violating loans fell 6.5% at healthiest-quartile lenders vs 15.6% at least-healthy quartile (13.1 pp gap),"Credit reduction after covenant violation by lender health, 2008-09",Supervisory syndicated loan data,Loan-level difference-in-difference,NBER,Chodorow-Reich and Falato: The Loan Covenant Channel (NBER w23879),2017,https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w23879/w23879.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R23,Moving lender health from 25th to 75th percentile raises likelihood of credit reduction after a violation by 12.9 pp,Probability of credit reduction after covenant violation,Supervisory syndicated loan data,Regression,NBER,Chodorow-Reich and Falato: The Loan Covenant Channel (NBER w23879),2017,https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w23879/w23879.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R24,In 2008-09 three times as many loans had covenant violations as reached their final year of maturity,Covenant violations vs maturity as lender exit points,Supervisory syndicated loan data,Loan-level counts,NBER,Chodorow-Reich and Falato: The Loan Covenant Channel (NBER w23879),2017,https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w23879/w23879.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R25,"Covenant violation in a typical year: 1% of A-or-better firms, 9% B-rated, 18% CCC or worse; about 12% of public firms in 2006 and 2007","Frequency of covenant violations (secondary citation of Roberts and Sufi 2009; Nini, Smith, Sufi 2012)","Public firms, SEC filings",Text-scraping of 10-K/10-Q filings,NBER,"Chodorow-Reich and Falato: The Loan Covenant Channel (NBER w23879), literature review",2017,https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w23879/w23879.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R26,Covenant-induced reduction of credit supply small; almost no evidence of credit line cancelations,Lender-initiated cuts in the 2007-09 crisis,Random sample of 600 Compustat firms,Hand-collected credit line data from filings,Federal Reserve Board,"Berrospide, Meisenzahl, Sullivan: Credit Line Use and Availability in the Financial Crisis (FEDS 2012-27)",2012,https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2012/201227/201227pap.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R27,Small firms kept drawing after the recession; usage peaked at 32% at end-2009 (large firms peaked at 32% in 2009Q1),Credit line usage in crisis,600 Compustat firms,Hand-collected filings,Federal Reserve Board,"Berrospide, Meisenzahl, Sullivan: Credit Line Use and Availability in the Financial Crisis (FEDS 2012-27)",2012,https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2012/201227/201227pap.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R28,"38% of employer firms applied for a loan, line of credit, or MCA in prior 12 months","Financing application rate, 2025","6,525 employer firms (1-499 employees)","Convenience sample, fielded Sep 3 to Nov 14 2025",Federal Reserve Banks (SBCS),2026 Report on Employer Firms (2025 SBCS),2026,https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/reports/survey/2026/2026-report-on-employer-firms,1,INDEPENDENT,
R29,42% of applicants got full amount; 36% some or most; 22% none,Financing approval outcomes (all products incl. lines),"6,525 employer firms",Convenience sample,Federal Reserve Banks (SBCS),2026 Report on Employer Firms (2025 SBCS),2026,https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/reports/survey/2026/2026-report-on-employer-firms,1,INDEPENDENT,
R30,60% of low-credit-risk applicants fully approved; business line of credit the most-applied product (46% of low-risk applicants),Approval and product mix by credit risk,"Low-risk applicants N=1,179 to 1,259",Convenience sample; values read from chart text,Federal Reserve Banks (SBCS),2026 Firms in Focus: Chartbook on Firms by Credit Risk,2026,https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/-/media/project/clevelandfedtenant/fsbsite/reports/2026/2026-firms-in-focus-chartbooks/sbcs_chartbook2026_creditrisk.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,
R31,"Unused loan commitments $11.34T, up 11.3% YoY from $10.19T","Unused loan commitments, all FDIC-insured institutions, Q2 2026","3,818 institutions",Call Report aggregates,FDIC,"Quarterly Banking Profile, Second Quarter 2026, Table II-A",2026,https://www.fdic.gov/quarterly-banking-profile/quarterly-banking-profile-second-quarter-2026.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,
R32,"Unused loan commitments $405.6B, up 3.9% YoY","Unused commitments at community banks, Q2 2026",FDIC-insured community banks,Call Report aggregates,FDIC,"Quarterly Banking Profile, Second Quarter 2026, community bank table",2026,https://www.fdic.gov/quarterly-banking-profile/quarterly-banking-profile-second-quarter-2026.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,
R33,Net 3% said last loan was harder to get than prior attempts (down 2 pts),"Credit availability to small businesses, Aug 2026","Survey sample of 5,000 NFIB members",Monthly member survey,NFIB,"Small Business Economic Trends, August 2026",2026,https://www.nfib.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/NFIB-SBET-Report-August-2026.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,
R34,25% of owners borrow regularly; net -2% expect easier credit (highest since Dec 2024),"Borrowing frequency and credit expectations, Aug 2026",NFIB members,Monthly member survey,NFIB,"Small Business Economic Trends, August 2026",2026,https://www.nfib.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/NFIB-SBET-Report-August-2026.pdf,1,INDEPENDENT,
R35,"Kabbage turned off all lending Mar 29 2020 and suspended existing lines with no notice; one borrower's line went from $22,000 to $0","Online lender line suspension, COVID-19",More than a dozen customers (reporting citing Bloomberg),Press reporting,Banking Dive,"Kabbage cuts credit to small businesses, shifts focus to SBA loans",2020,https://www.bankingdive.com/news/kabbage-cuts-credit-small-businesses-shifts-sba-loans/575382/,3,INDEPENDENT,STALE
R36,Line of credit applications and bookings declining YoY through June 2025 (no percentage disclosed),"Bank LOC origination trend, commitments under $5M",Curinos LendersBenchmark participant banks,Lender benchmarking consortium data,Curinos,Small Business Lending: Warning Signs of Credit Tightening?,2025,https://curinos.com/our-insights/according-to-the-data-small-business-lending-warning-credit-tightening/,2,INDEPENDENT,